title: 'Java集合七-List总结(LinkedList, ArrayList使用场景及性能分析)' toc: true date: 2019-11-27 10:32:56 cover: https://img.paulzzh.com/touhou/random?7 categories: Java源码
前面,我们学完了List的全部内容(ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector, Stack)
现在,我们再回头看看总结一下List。内容包括:
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<!--more-->先回顾一下List的框架图
① List 是一个接口,继承于Collection接口. 它代表着有序的队列
② AbstractList 是一个抽象类,它继承于AbstractCollection。AbstractList实现List接口中除size()、get(int location)之外的方法
③ AbstractSequentialList 是一个抽象类,它继承于AbstractList。AbstractSequentialList 实现了“链表中,根据index索引值操作链表的全部方法”
④ ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector, Stack是List的4个实现类:
Stack 是栈,它继承于Vector。它的特性是:先进后出(FILO, First In Last Out)
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如果涉及到“栈”、“队列”、“链表”等操作,应该考虑用List,具体的选择哪个List,根据下面的标准来取舍:
对于“单线程环境” 或者 “多线程环境,但List仅仅只会被单个线程操作”,此时应该使用非同步的类(如ArrayList)
对于“多线程环境,且List可能同时被多个线程操作”,此时,应该使用同步的类(如Vector)
通过下面的测试程序,我们来验证上面的结论, 参考代码如下:
/**
* 对比ArrayList和LinkedList的插入、随机读取效率、删除的效率
*
* @author zk
*/
public class ListCompareTest {
private static final int COUNT = 100000;
private static LinkedList linkedList = new LinkedList();
private static ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList();
private static Vector vector = new Vector();
private static Stack stack = new Stack();
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 换行符
System.out.println();
// 插入
insertByPosition(stack) ;
insertByPosition(vector) ;
insertByPosition(linkedList) ;
insertByPosition(arrayList) ;
// 换行符
System.out.println();
// 随机读取
readByPosition(stack);
readByPosition(vector);
readByPosition(linkedList);
readByPosition(arrayList);
// 换行符
System.out.println();
// 删除
deleteByPosition(stack);
deleteByPosition(vector);
deleteByPosition(linkedList);
deleteByPosition(arrayList);
}
// 获取list的名称
private static String getListName(List list) {
if (list instanceof LinkedList) {
return "LinkedList";
} else if (list instanceof ArrayList) {
return "ArrayList";
} else if (list instanceof Stack) {
return "Stack";
} else if (list instanceof Vector) {
return "Vector";
} else {
return "List";
}
}
// 向list的指定位置插入COUNT个元素,并统计时间
private static void insertByPosition(List list) {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 向list的位置0插入COUNT个数
for (int i=0; i<COUNT; i++) {
list.add(0, i);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long interval = endTime - startTime;
System.out.println(getListName(list) + " : insert "+COUNT+" elements into the 1st position use time:" + interval+" ms");
}
// 从list的指定位置删除COUNT个元素,并统计时间
private static void deleteByPosition(List list) {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 删除list第一个位置元素
for (int i=0; i<COUNT; i++) {
list.remove(0);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long interval = endTime - startTime;
System.out.println(getListName(list) + " : delete "+COUNT+" elements from the 1st position use time:" + interval+" ms");
}
// 根据position,不断从list中读取元素,并统计时间
private static void readByPosition(List list) {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 读取list元素
for (int i=0; i<COUNT; i++) {
list.get(i);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long interval = endTime - startTime;
System.out.println(getListName(list) + " : read "+COUNT+" elements by position use time:" + interval+" ms");
}
}
运行结果如下:
Stack : insert 100000 elements into the 1st position use time:1060 ms
Vector : insert 100000 elements into the 1st position use time:981 ms
LinkedList : insert 100000 elements into the 1st position use time:8 ms
ArrayList : insert 100000 elements into the 1st position use time:986 ms
Stack : read 100000 elements by position use time:3 ms
Vector : read 100000 elements by position use time:0 ms
LinkedList : read 100000 elements by position use time:3583 ms
ArrayList : read 100000 elements by position use time:1 ms
Stack : delete 100000 elements from the 1st position use time:926 ms
Vector : delete 100000 elements from the 1st position use time:928 ms
LinkedList : delete 100000 elements from the 1st position use time:5 ms
ArrayList : delete 100000 elements from the 1st position use time:909 ms
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从中,我们可以发现:
插入10万个元素,LinkedList所花时间最短:8ms
删除10万个元素,LinkedList所花时间最短:5ms
遍历10万个元素,LinkedList所花时间最长:3583 ms;而ArrayList、Stack和Vector则相差不多,都只用了几毫秒
考虑到Vector是支持同步的,而Stack又是继承于Vector的;因此,得出结论:
① 对于需要快速插入,删除元素,应该使用LinkedList
② 对于需要快速随机访问元素,应该使用ArrayList
③ 对于“单线程环境” 或者 “多线程环境,但List仅仅只会被单个线程操作”,此时应该使用非同步的类
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