layout: post
title: 科技绘图的调色板
categories:
最近作图的时候, 总觉得默认的线条颜色不是很美观, 就花了点时间, 将常见绘图软件所用的调色板整理总结了一下. 所参考的软件包括:
- origin2017
- matlab
- python的matplotlib及seaborn
- Tableau
- d3
- colorbrewer
- ggsci
网上相关的资料也有很多, 就不重复了.
下面给出我整理的所有调色板的示例以及颜色序列, 供参考选择使用.
如果需要在gnuplot中使用这些调色板, 最简单的方法就是将它们定义为相应的变量, 如
basic="#000000 #FF0000 #0000FF #FF00FF #008000 #000080 #8000FF #800080 #800000 #808000 #2B63A2 #1E9696 #9B641A #10C73E #89247A #2DC5CC #3F4198 #93AC2B #808080 #966464 #649664 #2BA3CA #326496"
然后再定义一个宏,
setpal="if(pal eq 'cls'){set colorsequence classic};if(pal ne 'def' && pal ne 'cls'){do for[i=1:words(value(pal))]{set style line i lw 4 lc rgb word(value(pal),i)}}"
这样使用时只要pal='basic'; @setpal即可. 当然也可以将所有的调色板都写入初始化文件, 然后直接调用即可, 避免了每次定义变量的麻烦. 当然, 也可以定义一个函数setpal(pal), 使用eval setpal(pal)进行调用.
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cm['rdpu_5']="#feebe2 #fbb4b9 #f768a1 #c51b8a #7a0177"
cm['rdpu_6']="#feebe2 #fcc5c0 #fa9fb5 #f768a1 #c51b8a #7a0177"
cm['rdpu_7']="#feebe2 #fcc5c0 #fa9fb5 #f768a1 #dd3497 #ae017e #7a0177"
cm['rdpu_8']="#fff7f3 #fde0dd #fcc5c0 #fa9fb5 #f768a1 #dd3497 #ae017e #7a0177"
cm['rdpu_9']="#fff7f3 #fde0dd #fcc5c0 #fa9fb5 #f768a1 #dd3497 #ae017e #7a0177 #49006a"
cm['ylgn_3']="#f7fcb9 #addd8e #31a354"
cm['ylgn_4']="#ffffcc #c2e699 #78c679 #238443"
cm['ylgn_5']="#ffffcc #c2e699 #78c679 #31a354 #006837"
cm['ylgn_6']="#ffffcc #d9f0a3 #addd8e #78c679 #31a354 #006837"
cm['ylgn_7']="#ffffcc #d9f0a3 #addd8e #78c679 #41ab5d #238443 #005a32"
cm['ylgn_8']="#ffffe5 #f7fcb9 #d9f0a3 #addd8e #78c679 #41ab5d #238443 #005a32"
cm['ylgn_9']="#ffffe5 #f7fcb9 #d9f0a3 #addd8e #78c679 #41ab5d #238443 #006837 #004529"
cm['pubugn_3']="#ece2f0 #a6bddb #1c9099"
cm['pubugn_4']="#f6eff7 #bdc9e1 #67a9cf #02818a"
cm['pubugn_5']="#f6eff7 #bdc9e1 #67a9cf #1c9099 #016c59"
cm['pubugn_6']="#f6eff7 #d0d1e6 #a6bddb #67a9cf #1c9099 #016c59"
cm['pubugn_7']="#f6eff7 #d0d1e6 #a6bddb #67a9cf #3690c0 #02818a #016450"
cm['pubugn_8']="#fff7fb #ece2f0 #d0d1e6 #a6bddb #67a9cf #3690c0 #02818a #016450"
cm['pubugn_9']="#fff7fb #ece2f0 #d0d1e6 #a6bddb #67a9cf #3690c0 #02818a #016c59 #014636"
cm['ylgnbu_3']="#edf8b1 #7fcdbb #2c7fb8"
cm['ylgnbu_4']="#ffffcc #a1dab4 #41b6c4 #225ea8"
cm['ylgnbu_5']="#ffffcc #a1dab4 #41b6c4 #2c7fb8 #253494"
cm['ylgnbu_6']="#ffffcc #c7e9b4 #7fcdbb #41b6c4 #2c7fb8 #253494"
cm['ylgnbu_7']="#ffffcc #c7e9b4 #7fcdbb #41b6c4 #1d91c0 #225ea8 #0c2c84"
cm['ylgnbu_8']="#ffffd9 #edf8b1 #c7e9b4 #7fcdbb #41b6c4 #1d91c0 #225ea8 #0c2c84"
cm['ylgnbu_9']="#ffffd9 #edf8b1 #c7e9b4 #7fcdbb #41b6c4 #1d91c0 #225ea8 #253494 #081d58"
cm['ylorbr_3']="#fff7bc #fec44f #d95f0e"
cm['ylorbr_4']="#ffffd4 #fed98e #fe9929 #cc4c02"
cm['ylorbr_5']="#ffffd4 #fed98e #fe9929 #d95f0e #993404"
cm['ylorbr_6']="#ffffd4 #fee391 #fec44f #fe9929 #d95f0e #993404"
cm['ylorbr_7']="#ffffd4 #fee391 #fec44f #fe9929 #ec7014 #cc4c02 #8c2d04"
cm['ylorbr_8']="#ffffe5 #fff7bc #fee391 #fec44f #fe9929 #ec7014 #cc4c02 #8c2d04"
cm['ylorbr_9']="#ffffe5 #fff7bc #fee391 #fec44f #fe9929 #ec7014 #cc4c02 #993404 #662506"
cm['ylorrd_3']="#ffeda0 #feb24c #f03b20"
cm['ylorrd_4']="#ffffb2 #fecc5c #fd8d3c #e31a1c"
cm['ylorrd_5']="#ffffb2 #fecc5c #fd8d3c #f03b20 #bd0026"
cm['ylorrd_6']="#ffffb2 #fed976 #feb24c #fd8d3c #f03b20 #bd0026"
cm['ylorrd_7']="#ffffb2 #fed976 #feb24c #fd8d3c #fc4e2a #e31a1c #b10026"
cm['ylorrd_8']="#ffffcc #ffeda0 #fed976 #feb24c #fd8d3c #fc4e2a #e31a1c #b10026"
cm['ylorrd_9']="#ffffcc #ffeda0 #fed976 #feb24c #fd8d3c #fc4e2a #e31a1c #bd0026 #800026"
cm['brbg_3']="#d8b365 #f5f5f5 #5ab4ac"
cm['brbg_4']="#a6611a #dfc27d #80cdc1 #018571"
cm['brbg_5']="#a6611a #dfc27d #f5f5f5 #80cdc1 #018571"
cm['brbg_6']="#8c510a #d8b365 #f6e8c3 #c7eae5 #5ab4ac #01665e"
cm['brbg_7']="#8c510a #d8b365 #f6e8c3 #f5f5f5 #c7eae5 #5ab4ac #01665e"
cm['brbg_8']="#8c510a #bf812d #dfc27d #f6e8c3 #c7eae5 #80cdc1 #35978f #01665e"
cm['brbg_9']="#8c510a #bf812d #dfc27d #f6e8c3 #f5f5f5 #c7eae5 #80cdc1 #35978f #01665e"
cm['brbg_10']="#543005 #8c510a #bf812d #dfc27d #f6e8c3 #c7eae5 #80cdc1 #35978f #01665e #003c30"
cm['brbg_11']="#543005 #8c510a #bf812d #dfc27d #f6e8c3 #f5f5f5 #c7eae5 #80cdc1 #35978f #01665e #003c30"
cm['piyg_3']="#e9a3c9 #f7f7f7 #a1d76a"
cm['piyg_4']="#d01c8b #f1b6da #b8e186 #4dac26"
cm['piyg_5']="#d01c8b #f1b6da #f7f7f7 #b8e186 #4dac26"
cm['piyg_6']="#c51b7d #e9a3c9 #fde0ef #e6f5d0 #a1d76a #4d9221"
cm['piyg_7']="#c51b7d #e9a3c9 #fde0ef #f7f7f7 #e6f5d0 #a1d76a #4d9221"
cm['piyg_8']="#c51b7d #de77ae #f1b6da #fde0ef #e6f5d0 #b8e186 #7fbc41 #4d9221"
cm['piyg_9']="#c51b7d #de77ae #f1b6da #fde0ef #f7f7f7 #e6f5d0 #b8e186 #7fbc41 #4d9221"
cm['piyg_10']="#8e0152 #c51b7d #de77ae #f1b6da #fde0ef #e6f5d0 #b8e186 #7fbc41 #4d9221 #276419"
cm['piyg_11']="#8e0152 #c51b7d #de77ae #f1b6da #fde0ef #f7f7f7 #e6f5d0 #b8e186 #7fbc41 #4d9221 #276419"
cm['prgn_3']="#af8dc3 #f7f7f7 #7fbf7b"
cm['prgn_4']="#7b3294 #c2a5cf #a6dba0 #008837"
cm['prgn_5']="#7b3294 #c2a5cf #f7f7f7 #a6dba0 #008837"
cm['prgn_6']="#762a83 #af8dc3 #e7d4e8 #d9f0d3 #7fbf7b #1b7837"
cm['prgn_7']="#762a83 #af8dc3 #e7d4e8 #f7f7f7 #d9f0d3 #7fbf7b #1b7837"
cm['prgn_8']="#762a83 #9970ab #c2a5cf #e7d4e8 #d9f0d3 #a6dba0 #5aae61 #1b7837"
cm['prgn_9']="#762a83 #9970ab #c2a5cf #e7d4e8 #f7f7f7 #d9f0d3 #a6dba0 #5aae61 #1b7837"
cm['prgn_10']="#40004b #762a83 #9970ab #c2a5cf #e7d4e8 #d9f0d3 #a6dba0 #5aae61 #1b7837 #00441b"
cm['prgn_11']="#40004b #762a83 #9970ab #c2a5cf #e7d4e8 #f7f7f7 #d9f0d3 #a6dba0 #5aae61 #1b7837 #00441b"
cm['puor_3']="#f1a340 #f7f7f7 #998ec3"
cm['puor_4']="#e66101 #fdb863 #b2abd2 #5e3c99"
cm['puor_5']="#e66101 #fdb863 #f7f7f7 #b2abd2 #5e3c99"
cm['puor_6']="#b35806 #f1a340 #fee0b6 #d8daeb #998ec3 #542788"
cm['puor_7']="#b35806 #f1a340 #fee0b6 #f7f7f7 #d8daeb #998ec3 #542788"
cm['puor_8']="#b35806 #e08214 #fdb863 #fee0b6 #d8daeb #b2abd2 #8073ac #542788"
cm['puor_9']="#b35806 #e08214 #fdb863 #fee0b6 #f7f7f7 #d8daeb #b2abd2 #8073ac #542788"
cm['puor_10']="#7f3b08 #b35806 #e08214 #fdb863 #fee0b6 #d8daeb #b2abd2 #8073ac #542788 #2d004b"
cm['puor_11']="#7f3b08 #b35806 #e08214 #fdb863 #fee0b6 #f7f7f7 #d8daeb #b2abd2 #8073ac #542788 #2d004b"
cm['rdgy_3']="#ef8a62 #ffffff #999999"
cm['rdgy_4']="#ca0020 #f4a582 #bababa #404040"
cm['rdgy_5']="#ca0020 #f4a582 #ffffff #bababa #404040"
cm['rdgy_6']="#b2182b #ef8a62 #fddbc7 #e0e0e0 #999999 #4d4d4d"
cm['rdgy_7']="#b2182b #ef8a62 #fddbc7 #ffffff #e0e0e0 #999999 #4d4d4d"
cm['rdgy_8']="#b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #e0e0e0 #bababa #878787 #4d4d4d"
cm['rdgy_9']="#b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #ffffff #e0e0e0 #bababa #878787 #4d4d4d"
cm['rdgy_10']="#67001f #b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #e0e0e0 #bababa #878787 #4d4d4d #1a1a1a"
cm['rdgy_11']="#67001f #b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #ffffff #e0e0e0 #bababa #878787 #4d4d4d #1a1a1a"
cm['rdbu_3']="#ef8a62 #f7f7f7 #67a9cf"
cm['rdbu_4']="#ca0020 #f4a582 #92c5de #0571b0"
cm['rdbu_5']="#ca0020 #f4a582 #f7f7f7 #92c5de #0571b0"
cm['rdbu_6']="#b2182b #ef8a62 #fddbc7 #d1e5f0 #67a9cf #2166ac"
cm['rdbu_7']="#b2182b #ef8a62 #fddbc7 #f7f7f7 #d1e5f0 #67a9cf #2166ac"
cm['rdbu_8']="#b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #d1e5f0 #92c5de #4393c3 #2166ac"
cm['rdbu_9']="#b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #f7f7f7 #d1e5f0 #92c5de #4393c3 #2166ac"
cm['rdbu_10']="#67001f #b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #d1e5f0 #92c5de #4393c3 #2166ac #053061"
cm['rdbu_11']="#67001f #b2182b #d6604d #f4a582 #fddbc7 #f7f7f7 #d1e5f0 #92c5de #4393c3 #2166ac #053061"
cm['rdylgn_3']="#fc8d59 #ffffbf #91cf60"
cm['rdylgn_4']="#d7191c #fdae61 #a6d96a #1a9641"
cm['rdylgn_5']="#d7191c #fdae61 #ffffbf #a6d96a #1a9641"
cm['rdylgn_6']="#d73027 #fc8d59 #fee08b #d9ef8b #91cf60 #1a9850"
cm['rdylgn_7']="#d73027 #fc8d59 #fee08b #ffffbf #d9ef8b #91cf60 #1a9850"
cm['rdylgn_8']="#d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #d9ef8b #a6d96a #66bd63 #1a9850"
cm['rdylgn_9']="#d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #ffffbf #d9ef8b #a6d96a #66bd63 #1a9850"
cm['rdylgn_10']="#a50026 #d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #d9ef8b #a6d96a #66bd63 #1a9850 #006837"
cm['rdylgn_11']="#a50026 #d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #ffffbf #d9ef8b #a6d96a #66bd63 #1a9850 #006837"
cm['rdylbu_3']="#fc8d59 #ffffbf #91bfdb"
cm['rdylbu_4']="#d7191c #fdae61 #abd9e9 #2c7bb6"
cm['rdylbu_5']="#d7191c #fdae61 #ffffbf #abd9e9 #2c7bb6"
cm['rdylbu_6']="#d73027 #fc8d59 #fee090 #e0f3f8 #91bfdb #4575b4"
cm['rdylbu_7']="#d73027 #fc8d59 #fee090 #ffffbf #e0f3f8 #91bfdb #4575b4"
cm['rdylbu_8']="#d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee090 #e0f3f8 #abd9e9 #74add1 #4575b4"
cm['rdylbu_9']="#d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee090 #ffffbf #e0f3f8 #abd9e9 #74add1 #4575b4"
cm['rdylbu_10']="#a50026 #d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee090 #e0f3f8 #abd9e9 #74add1 #4575b4 #313695"
cm['rdylbu_11']="#a50026 #d73027 #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee090 #ffffbf #e0f3f8 #abd9e9 #74add1 #4575b4 #313695"
cm['spectral_3']="#fc8d59 #ffffbf #99d594"
cm['spectral_4']="#d7191c #fdae61 #abdda4 #2b83ba"
cm['spectral_5']="#d7191c #fdae61 #ffffbf #abdda4 #2b83ba"
cm['spectral_6']="#d53e4f #fc8d59 #fee08b #e6f598 #99d594 #3288bd"
cm['spectral_7']="#d53e4f #fc8d59 #fee08b #ffffbf #e6f598 #99d594 #3288bd"
cm['spectral_8']="#d53e4f #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #e6f598 #abdda4 #66c2a5 #3288bd"
cm['spectral_9']="#d53e4f #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #ffffbf #e6f598 #abdda4 #66c2a5 #3288bd"
cm['spectral_10']="#9e0142 #d53e4f #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #e6f598 #abdda4 #66c2a5 #3288bd #5e4fa2"
cm['spectral_11']="#9e0142 #d53e4f #f46d43 #fdae61 #fee08b #ffffbf #e6f598 #abdda4 #66c2a5 #3288bd #5e4fa2"
txt=''; rgb=''; hsv=''; hsl=''; tot=0; ncmq=69
for(map in cm) {
txt += '<tr><td>'+map+'</td>'
color=cm[map].split(/\s+/)
for(i=0, n=color.length; i<n; i++) {
rgb=color[i]
hsv=rgb2hsv(rgb)
hsl=rgb2hsl(rgb)
txt +='<td title="HEX: '+rgb+'\nRGB: '+rgb2num(rgb)+'\nHSL: '+hsl+'\nHSV/HSB: '+hsv+'" style="width:1em;background-color:'+rgb+'"></td>'
}
txt+= '<td style="width:1em;" onClick="cpCM(\''+cm[map]+'\')">复制</td></tr>'
/*
btn = $('btn');
btn.addEventListener('click',() => {
input = document.createElement('input');
input.setAttribute('value', 'hello world');
document.body.appendChild(input);
input.select();
if(document.execCommand('copy')) alert('复制成功');
document.body.removeChild(input);
})
*/
tot++
id = (tot<ncmq) ? 'cmq' : 'cms'
name=map; idx=name.replace(/.+_/,"")
if(tot<ncmq && idx=='dark') name='dark'
if(tot>ncmq && idx>3) name=idx
input='<input type="radio" name="cm" id="'+map+'" onClick="setcm(this.id)">'+name
if(tot<ncmq && idx=='dark' || tot>=ncmq && idx>3) $(id).innerHTML += ' '+input
if(tot<ncmq && idx!='dark' || tot>=ncmq && idx==3) $(id).innerHTML += '<br>'+input
}
$('tab').innerHTML=txt
//$("myChart").style.backgroundColor = '#EBEBEB';
var myChart = new Chart($("myChart").getContext('2d'), {
type: 'line',
options: {
responsive: false,
scales: {
xAxes: [{
type: 'linear',
position: 'bottom'
}],
yAxes: [{
display: true,
ticks: {
beginAtZero: true,
steps: 10,
stepValue: .1,
max: 1
}
}]
},
}
})
setcm('fav')
function addData(chart, data, label, color) {
chart.data.datasets.push({
data: data,
label: label,
fill: false, //
fillColor : "#888",
borderColor: color,//曲线边框色,
backgroundColor: color,//填充色
//pointBackgroundColor: 'purple',//数据点的填充色
//pointBorderColor: 'blue',//数据点边框颜色
borderWidth: 4,//曲线的宽度
//borderDash: [2, 3],
pointBorderWidth: 4,//数据点边框的宽度
pointRadius: 0, //数据点的大小
pointStyle:'circle',//'cross''crossRot''dash''line''rect''rectRounded''rectRot''star''triangle'
showLine: true, //如果为false,两数据点之间的线不会渲染
spanGaps: true, //如果为false,NaN data会在折线上有断点
steppedLine: false,//可选值[false, true, 'before', 'after'],为true,折线图的曲线会成直角，
});
chart.update();
}
function cpCM(cm) {
var input = document.createElement('input');
input.setAttribute('value', cm);
document.body.appendChild(input);
input.select();
if(document.execCommand('copy')) alert('复制成功');
document.body.removeChild(input);
}
function setcm(map) {
myChart.data.datasets=[]
var color=cm[map].split(/\s+/), m=color.length
var i, data=[], pi2=Math.PI/2
for(i=0; i<m; i++) data[i]=[]
var x=0; n=0
while(x<1) {
for(i=0; i<m; i++)
// data[i][n]={x:x, y:Math.cos(x*pi2)*Math.exp(-x*pi2*i/m)}
// data[i][n]={x:x, y:x*Math.tan((i+1)/(m+1)*Math.PI/2)}
data[i][n]={x:x, y:(i+1)/m*Math.atan(m/(i+1)*Math.tan((i+1)/(m+.5)*pi2)*x)/pi2}
n++
x += 0.01
}
for(i=0; i<m; i++) addData(myChart, data[i], i+1, color[i]);
}
function rgb2num(rgb) {
rgb=rgb.substring(1,7)
r = parseInt(rgb.substring(0,2), 16);
g = parseInt(rgb.substring(2,4), 16);
b = parseInt(rgb.substring(4,6), 16);
return r+', '+g+', '+b
}
function rgb2hsl(rgb){
rgb=rgb.substring(1,7)
r = parseInt(rgb.substring(0,2), 16)/255;
g = parseInt(rgb.substring(2,4), 16)/255;
b = parseInt(rgb.substring(4,6), 16)/255;
var max = Math.max(r, g, b), min = Math.min(r, g, b),
d = max - min;
var h, s, l = (max + min)/2;
if(l==0 || max==min) s=0
else s = l>0.5 ? 0.5*d/(1-l) : 0.5*d/l;
if(max==min) { h = 0; } // achromatic
else {
switch(max){
case r: h = (g - b)/d + (g < b ? 6 : 0); break;
case g: h = (b - r)/d + 2; break;
case b: h = (r - g)/d + 4; break;
}
h /= 6;
}
h = Math.round(360 * h) + "° ";
s = Math.round(s*100)+ "% ";
l = Math.round(l*100)+ "% ";
return h+s+l;
}
function rgb2hsv(rgb) {
rgb=rgb.substring(1,7)
r = parseInt(rgb.substring(0,2), 16)/255;
g = parseInt(rgb.substring(2,4), 16)/255;
b = parseInt(rgb.substring(4,6), 16)/255;
var max = Math.max(r, g, b), min = Math.min(r, g, b),
d = max - min;
var h, s, v = max;
if(max==0) s=0
else s = d/max;
if(max==min) { h = 0; } // achromatic
else {
switch(max){
case r: h = (g - b)/d + (g < b ? 6 : 0); break;
case g: h = (b - r)/d + 2; break;
case b: h = (r - g)/d + 4; break;
}
h /= 6;
}
h = Math.round(360 * h) + "° ";
s = Math.round(s*100)+ "% ";
v = Math.round(v*100)+ "% ";
return h+s+v;
}
</script>