这样说来，我的小说和艺术的距离之远，也就可想而知了，然而到今日还能蒙着小说的名，甚而至于且有成集的机会，无论如何总不能不说是一件侥幸的事，但侥幸虽使我不安于心，而悬揣人间暂时还有读者，则究竟也仍然是高兴的。
——鲁迅《呐喊·自序》
计算化学常用Gaussian程序, 其对应的建模软件是GaussView, 目前的版本是GaussView-6. 在显示分子时, 每种原子的大小, 也就是原子半径, 对整体效果有很大影响. 此外, 原子半径也影响GaussView默认的成键距离.
虽然我使用GaussView的历史已超20年, 但对于其所用的原子半径数据一直不清楚, 也不知道有没有办法可以修改. 近来想到这个问题, 就做个了断.
GaussView支持2套半径, 并可以缩放. 在GaussView-6中, 这2套半径分别称为标准半径和共价半径.
GaussView文档中对此并未有详细说明, 更没明确给出每种元素所用的半径数值, 只是提及
The Atomic Radii popup menu and Scale Radii by field cause the atoms in the View window to be displayed at the indicated scaling of the standard or Atomic (the Standard and Covalent options on the popup menu, respectively). Using Covalent with a scaling value of 150%–200% will produce a space-filling-like molecular display.
为了获得GaussView所用的半径数值, 我用了个笨办法. 选定一套半径后, 改变每种元素两个原子之间的距离, 直到图形显示两原子之间恰好相接触, 这时对应元素的半径就是原子间距离的一半. 这种作法有一定的经验成分, 但据我的测试, 得到±0.01Å精度的半径值是可行的.
对于共价半径, 还有一个更好的方法, 就是根据GaussView是否显示成键来确定原子之间的最大成键距离, 精度很容易达到±0.001Å. 由于最大成键距离与共价半径之间存在固定的比例关系(根据我的测试, 两原子之间的最大成键距离为二者共价半径之和的1.06倍), 再结合上面办法得到的共价半径, 很容易推知更准确的共价半径.
GaussView支持的元素共113种, 最后2种是非物理的X(编号-1或112, dummy atom, 哑原子/虚原子, 用于定位), Bq(编号0或113, ghost atom, 鬼原子/幽灵原子, 用于提供基组), 因而实际支持的元素111种, 此外还支持一种Tv(编号为-2)用于绘制周期向量.
根据上面的作法, 我测试了113种原子类型的标准半径与共价半径, 具体对比可参考下图.
既然已经知道了GaussView所用的原子半径, 接下来将其与文献中的半径比较一下. 有关原子半径的一般性评述可以参考2025年的一篇论文[^linker2025]: Atomic Radii Derived From The Expectation Value＜r⁴＞; Gerrit‐jan Linker, Marcel Swart, Piet Th. Van Duijnen; Int J of Quantum Chemistry 125(7):e70032, 2025; https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.70032. 概言之, 半径的获得方式大致有晶体数据导出, 经验值, 理论计算等几种.文献中提及的半径至少有如下4种, 其中前2种可能是最常用的.
这些半径在不同软件中使用的数值也不统一, 有大有小, 但大致符合经验的直觉.
我们将GaussView所用的半径与文献中几种较系统的可用数据汇总如下表并作图
<table id='tab-0'><caption>几种原子半径<br><input type='button' id='tab-0_tog' value='折叠表格' onclick="togtab('tab-0', this.value)"></caption><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">#</th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">元素</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rstd</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rcov</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rvdw</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rvdw</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rvdw</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rcov</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Rcov1</th> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">GV6</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">GV6</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Mantina2009</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Alvarez2013</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Hu2014</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Cordero2008</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Pyykkö2014</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">H</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.395</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.30</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.10</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.14</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.31</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.32</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">He</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.395</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.28</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.46</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Li</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.495</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.81</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.12</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.14</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">4</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Be</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.495</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.89</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.69</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.96</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.02</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">5</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">B</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.545</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.88</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.91</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.68</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.84</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.85</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">6</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">C</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.545</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.77</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.77</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.76</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.75</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">7</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">N</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.545</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.55</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.66</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.71</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.71</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">8</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">O</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.545</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.66</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.66</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.63</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">9</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">F</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.545</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.47</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.57</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.64</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">10</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ne</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.545</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.55</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.67</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">11</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Na</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.27</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.66</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.55</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">12</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Mg</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.73</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.51</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.00</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">13</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Al</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.84</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.26</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">14</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Si</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.10</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.19</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.93</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.11</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">P</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.05</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.80</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.89</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.07</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.11</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">S</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.01</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.80</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.89</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.05</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.03</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cl</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.99</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.82</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.79</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.02</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.99</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">18</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ar</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.595</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.88</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.63</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">.96</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">19</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">K</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.03</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.73</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.03</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.96</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ca</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.74</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.31</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.62</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.27</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.76</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.71</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Sc</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.48</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">22</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ti</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.11</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.60</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">V</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.07</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.34</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">24</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.13</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.22</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Mn</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.05</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.19</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">26</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Fe</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.04</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">27</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Co</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.00</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.26</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.11</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">28</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ni</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.97</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.24</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.10</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">29</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cu</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.96</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.12</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">30</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Zn</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.01</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.22</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.18</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">31</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ga</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.03</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.22</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.24</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ge</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.22</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.11</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.29</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.05</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.21</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">33</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">As</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.85</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.88</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.08</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.19</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.21</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">34</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Se</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.82</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.94</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">35</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Br</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.14</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.86</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.93</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.14</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Kr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.625</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.89</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.02</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.84</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.17</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">37</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Rb</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.03</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.61</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.10</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Sr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.49</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.84</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.95</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.85</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Y</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.62</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.63</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Zr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.54</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Nb</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.34</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.56</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.18</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.64</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.47</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Mo</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.29</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.38</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Tc</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.47</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ru</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.24</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.13</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Rh</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.10</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pd</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.10</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">47</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ag</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.34</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.11</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">48</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cd</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.49</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.18</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">49</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">In</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.93</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.42</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Sn</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.17</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">51</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Sb</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.47</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.24</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Te</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.37</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.99</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">I</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.33</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.04</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.12</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Xe</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.645</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.09</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.02</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.31</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">55</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cs</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.35</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.48</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.32</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">56</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ba</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.68</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.03</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.59</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.96</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">57</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">La</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.69</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.07</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.80</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ce</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.65</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.88</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.42</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.04</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.63</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">59</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.65</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.03</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.76</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">60</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Nd</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.64</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.95</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.01</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.74</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">61</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pm</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.64</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.99</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.73</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">62</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Sm</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.66</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.72</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">63</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Eu</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.85</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.35</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.68</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">64</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Gd</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.61</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.34</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.96</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.69</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">65</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Tb</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.59</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.79</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.33</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.94</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.68</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">66</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Dy</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.59</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.31</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">67</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ho</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.81</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.30</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.66</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">68</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Er</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.57</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.29</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.89</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">69</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Tm</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.56</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.79</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.27</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.64</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Yb</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.80</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.26</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">71</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Lu</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.56</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.74</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.24</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.62</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">72</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Hf</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.63</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.52</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">73</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ta</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.34</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.22</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.46</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">74</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">W</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.30</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.57</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.18</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.62</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.37</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">75</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Re</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.49</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.51</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.31</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">76</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Os</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.26</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.48</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.29</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">77</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ir</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.26</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.13</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.22</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">78</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pt</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.29</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.29</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.13</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.23</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">79</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Au</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.34</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.14</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.24</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">80</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Hg</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.23</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.32</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">81</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Tl</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.55</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.96</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.47</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.27</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">82</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pb</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.02</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.60</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.37</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.44</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Bi</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.07</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.48</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.51</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">84</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Po</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.97</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.49</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.45</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">85</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">At</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.52</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.02</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.47</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">86</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Rn</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.675</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.42</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Fr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.48</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.60</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.23</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">88</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ra</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.02</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">89</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ac</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.80</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.47</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.15</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.86</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Th</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.63</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.93</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.45</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.75</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">91</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pa</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.46</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.88</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.43</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.00</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.69</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">92</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">U</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.71</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.41</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.96</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.70</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">93</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Np</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.82</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.39</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.90</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.71</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">94</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Pu</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.25</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.81</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.37</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.87</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.72</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">95</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Am</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.57</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.83</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.35</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.80</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.66</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">96</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cm</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.58</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.05</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.69</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.66</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">97</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Bk</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.54</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.40</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.68</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">98</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cf</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.53</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">3.05</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.68</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">99</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Es</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.84</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">2.70</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">100</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Fm</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.61</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">101</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Md</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.50</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.73</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">102</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">No</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.49</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.76</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">103</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Lr</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.38</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.61</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">104</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Rf</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.57</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">105</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Db</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.26</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.49</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">106</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Sg</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.20</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.43</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">107</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Bh</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.16</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.41</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">108</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Hs</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.14</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.34</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">109</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Mt</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.06</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.29</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">110</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ds</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">111</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Rg</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.695</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.21</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.21</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">112</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Cn</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.295</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.00</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.22</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">113</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Nh</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">0.295</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.00</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.36</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">114</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Fl</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.43</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">115</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Mc</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.62</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">116</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Lv</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.75</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">117</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Ts</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">118</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Og</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">/</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">1.57</td> </tr> </table>
注意到, GaussView-6的标准半径大致依据元素周期, 同一周期的元素使用相同的数值, 且小于其共价半径. 这说明GaussView的标准半径既不是共价半径, 更不是范德华半径. 或许是离子半径? 也不像.
GaussView的共价半径则大致与[^pyykkö2014]: Additive Covalent Radii For Single-, Double-, And Triple-bonded Molecules And Tetrahedrally Bonded Crystals: A Summary; Pekka Pyykkö; J. Phys. Chem. A 119(11):2326-2337, 2014; https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5065819中的单键半径吻合, 特别是前几个周期. 但惰性气体He, Ar, Kr, Xe的半径则接近相应的范德华半径.
如果我们需要GaussView支持特定的半径数据, 目前可行的办法是进行缩放(缩放比例1%到300%, 且只能为整数), 因此我们可以看看GaussView所用的两种半径与文献半径数值的相关性.
显然, GaussView标准半径与文献半径的相关性很差, 远劣于共价半径.
GaussView共价半径与文献中的两种共价半径相关性很好, 所以只要设定相应的缩放倍数就能满足要求.
<table id='tab-1'><caption>GaussView共价半径拟合文献共价半径, 缩放系数%/拟合度</caption><tr> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">半径</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-3周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-5周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-6周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-7周期</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Cordero2008</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">103.326/0.960764</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">106.643/0.904834</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">109.438/0.870172</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">111.122/0.841743</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Pyykkö2014</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">104.124/0.970161</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">100.215/0.961223</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">100.424/0.954157</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">102.789/0.865924</td> </tr> </table>
对于文献中的范德华半径, 由于GaussView只能进行成比例的缩放(无截距线性模型), 相关性都不太好
<table id='tab-2'><caption>GaussView共价半径拟合文献范德华半径, 缩放系数%/拟合度</caption><tr> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">半径</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-3周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-5周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-6周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-7周期</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Mantina2009</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">174.238/-0.875597</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">152.584/ 0.167901</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">147.313/ 0.415357</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">146.565/0.575084</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Alvarez2013</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">195.349/ 0.365933</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">177.034/ 0.273480</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">174.951/ 0.500608</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">176.833/0.477597</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Hu2014</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">179.710/-0.004204</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">158.083/-0.203721</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">152.482/-0.060888</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">152.170/0.082109</td> </tr> </table>
这样看来, "Using Covalent with a scaling value of 150%–200% will produce a space-filling-like molecular display." 这个说明还是合理的, 也就是这样缩放后相当于使用了范德华半径.
<table id='tab-3'><caption>GaussView标准半径拟合文献范德华半径, 缩放系数%/拟合度</caption><tr> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">半径</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-3周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-5周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-6周期</th> <th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">1-7周期</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Mantina2009</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">312.999/0.543241</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">327.609/0.480581</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">330.477/0.418304</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">337.715/0.421445</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Alvarez2013</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">341.598/0.386179</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">368.081/0.468951</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">381.878/0.513992</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">386.972/0.538648</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;">Hu2014</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">315.841/0.355802</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">330.435/0.573250</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">336.137/0.634134</td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;">339.400/0.615497</td> </tr> </table>
缩放标准半径拟合范德华半径效果亦可, 但考虑到GaussView支持的最大缩放只有300%, 所以实际效果未必优于使用共价半径.