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title: "Python setuptools 简要" categories: Tech updated: comments: true

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用 setuptools

Quickstart

pip install --upgrade setuptools
pip install --upgrade build

代码结构

• 根目录
  • setup.cfg
  • setup.py
  • foo_package
    • __init__.py # 如果没有这个, 需要用 namespace packages, 见 这里
    • 其他文件

# setup.cfg
[metadata]
# 项目名不一定和项目的源目录名相同. 比如 name = beautifulsoup4,
# 但是源目录名为 bs4; 因此 pip install beautifulsoup4, import bs4
name = foo_package
version = 0.0.2

[options]
# 只支持版本 <, >, <=, >=, == or != (常用 >=)
install_requires =
    requests
    pandas >= 1.2

# setup.py
from setuptools import setup

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setup()

setup.py 也可以填写 metadata 参数, 但新规范更建议用 cfg 文件. 此外更新的规范有用 pyproject.toml.

代码写法

foo_package 下的代码建议写为绝对 import

from foo_package.xxx import yyy

安装

python -m build

之后如果本地项目需要用到, 可以用

pip install -e path/to/根目录

会读取根目录下的 setup.cfg 或 setup.py, 把 foo_package 路径加入 PYTHONPATH 里.

• python - What is the use case for pip install -e? - Stack Overflow

更一般地可以用 wheel (.whl) 文件安装; 上传到 pypi 等.

如何卸载以 user 选项安装的包参考 这里.

Package discovery

上例项目结构比较简单, setuptools 可以自动找到正确的目录. 对于复杂一些的结构

• 根目录
  • setup.cfg, setup.py
  • foo_package
  • bar_package

可以如下配置

[options]
packages = find:

[options.packages.find]
# where = . by default
# use `where = src` for src layout
include = foo_package*  # * by default
exclude = foo_package.tests*  # empty by default

setuptools walks through the directory specified in where (defaults to .) and filters the packages it can find following the include patterns (defaults to *), then it removes those that match the exclude patterns (defaults to empty) and returns a list of Python packages.

这样就只打包 foo_package. 之前的结构称为 flat-layout (如 pandas, sklearn 等大多数项目), 所谓 src-layout (如 transformers) 指如下结构

• 根目录
  • setup.cfg, setup.py
  • src
    • foo_package
    • bar_package

Including data files

默认只封装 py 文件.

[options]
include_package_data = True

[options.exclude_package_data]
* =
    *.c
    *.h

其中 data files 放在 MANIFEST.in 文件中, 比如

include *.json
include *.txt

Entry points

可以直接在 console 上使用的命令. An example of how this feature can be used in pip: it allows you to run commands like pip install instead of having to type python -m pip install.

[options.entry_points]
console_scripts =
    cli-name = foo_package.mymodule:some_func

When this project is installed, a cli-name executable will be created. cli-name will invoke the function some_func in the foo_package/mymodule.py file when called by the user.

Keywords

只提几个, 例子来自 pandas.

[metadata]
long_description = file: README.md
long_description_content_type = text/markdown

license = BSD-3-Clause
license_files = LICENSE

classifiers =
    # 开发周期
    # 3 - Alpha
    # 4 - Beta
    # 5 - Production/Stable
    Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
    Environment :: Console
    # 目标用户
    Intended Audience :: Science/Research
    # 许可证
    License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
    Operating System :: OS Independent
    Programming Language :: Cython
    Programming Language :: Python
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
    # 类型
    Topic :: Scientific/Engineering

[options]
python_requires = >=3.8
zip_safe = False

• classifiers 来自 这个列表
• zip_safe: A boolean (True or False) flag specifying whether the project can be safely installed and run from a zip file. If this argument is not supplied, the bdist_egg command will have to analyze all of your project's contents for possible problems each time it builds an egg.

至于怎么写版本号

• Crista Perlton. (2022). 5 Best Practices for Versioning Your Python Packages
• 语义化版本 2.0.0

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